Types of Periodontal Disease

There are many types of periodontal diseases. They can affect individuals of all ages – from children to seniors.

GINGIVITIS is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. It is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is reversible with periodontal treatment and good daily oral hygiene.

CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS is a form of periodontal disease that results in inflammation within the supporting structures of the teeth. Patients experience progressive loss of tissue attachment and bone. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by pocket formation and/or recession of gum tissue and is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis. It is prevalent in adults but can be found at any age. Bone loss usually progresses slowly, but periods of rapid deterioration can occur.

AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS is a highly destructive form of periodontal disease often found in patients who are otherwise healthy. Common features include rapid loss of tissue attachment and destruction of bone. This disease may occur in localized or generalized patterns.

PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES is associated with several systemic diseases, such as diabetes. (Systemic diseases are those diseases that affect the body as a whole.) Patients who have certain blood diseases or genetic disorders frequently show signs of periodontal diseases.

​​​​​​​NECROTIZING PERIODONTAL DISEASES are infections characterized by necrosis (death) of gingival tissues and alveolar bone. These lesions are most commonly associated with pain, bleeding, and foul odor. Contributing factors can include emotional stress, tobacco use, and HIV infection.